Sexting
Messages that contain sexually suggestive or explicit words, pictures, or videos that are sent or exchanged over a mobile phone, computer, or tablet through either an app or a web-based platform.
(Madigan et al., 2019; Mori, et al, 2019; Reed et al., 2020)
"It is a big turnoff when guys ask you for nudes. You feel like you need to send them to get validation from them that they like you." Female, 18 years old
Prevalence
Sexting is becoming more common amongst adolescents, especially as they age, and is considered a part of normal sexual development. Most sexting occurs within a relationship, either to develop or increase intimacy.
Motivation to Sext
Research shows that teens most frequently sext within the confines of a romantic relationship, and it is viewed as a positive way to develop intimacy. However, there are multiple reasons why teens sext that can result in negative effects.
Consensual
Majority of sexting occurs in romantic relationships to develop and maintain
intimacy.
(Reed et al., 2020)
Coerced
Pressure to send messages or picture to begin or maintain a romantic relationship. Teens report feeling annoyed, angry, disappointed and scared in these situations.
(Reed et al., 2020)
Nonconsensual
Messages or images shared without consent - with or without the person being aware. Can lead to public
embarrassment and humiliation.
(Reed et al., 2020)
Sextortion
Threats to send messages or images in exchange for money, more images, or sex. Teens often do not report these incidents due to shame and fear of retaliation.
(Reed et al., 2020)
"It's really annoying when guys you barely know ask for nudes..like don't bother talking to me."
Female, 18 years old
Gender Differences
There are some considerations regarding gender differences and sexting behaviors in teens. Here are some common themes found in studies.
Girls
-
More likely than boys to be pressured, harassed, and threatened to sext
-
More likely to send sexts
-
Are placed in a double bind of either being slut-shamed or called a prude
Boys
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More often received sexts
-
Pressured by friends to share sexts
-
More often victims of sextortion
(Madigan et al., 2019)
(Madigan et al., 2019; Mori, et al, 2019; Reed et al., 2020).
Concerns for LBGTQ Teens
Are less likely to be sexting within the confines of an existing relationship
(Englander, 2019)
Considerations About Age
Although sexting can be considered a normal part of adolescent sexual development, younger teenagers are more at risk for negative consequences because they are less capable of dealing with the social, emotional, and physical impact of these exchanges.
Risks for Younger Teens
Risks for Younger Teens
-
Victim of cyberbullyingi
-
Substance use
-
Anxiety
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Depression
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Delinquency
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Engage in sexual activity
-
Have more sexual partners
-
Not use contraception
Ouytsel et al., 2019; Madigan et al., 2018; Mori et al., 2019
How to Respond
Parents need to recognize that sexting is part of adolescent development. It is important to begin these conversations at young ages in a supportive way. Keeping these lines of communication open is crucial so your teen knows they can trust and confide in you.
(Mori et al., 2019; Strasburger et al., 2019)
Communicate
Keep conversations open and part of a broader discussion regarding sex and healthy relationships.
Explore
Talk about the different types of sexting - consensual, nonconsensual, coerced.
Emphasize
Discuss the permanency of messages and images. Although it may seem like an intimate moment, it can live on forever through technology.
Risks
Consider the potential risks associated with sexting - sharing of photos or messages, response from peers, and emotional impact on your teen.